Its role in the metabolism of some chemolithotrophs is probably very ancient. Chemoheterotrophs can be chemolithoheterotrophs, utilizing inorganic electron sources such as sulfur, or, much more commonly, chemoorganoheterotrophs, utilizing organic electron sources such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Journal of Microbiology and Serology 42:483492. Pfeffer, W. 1897. 52 225233, Nelson, D. C., Wirsen, C. O., Jannasch, H. W. 1989a Characterization of large, autotrophic Beggiatoa spp. 1998 Phylogeny of dissimilatory sulfite reductases supports an early origin of sulfate respiration J. Bacteriol. Google Scholar, Badziong, W., Thauer, R. K., Zeikus, J. G. 1978 Isolation and characterization of Desulfovibrio growing on hydrogen plus sulfate as the sole energy source Arch. 0000082072 00000 n Environ. Front Microbiol. 2 305307, Teske, A., Ramsing, N. B., Kuever, J., Fossing, H. 1996 Phylogeny of Thioploca and related filamentous sulfide-oxidizing bacteria Syst. Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-2115 The nitrogen cycle depicts the different ways in which nitrogen, an essential element for life, is used and converted by organisms for various purposes. 96 573574, Brierley, J. Google Scholar, Gupta, R. S. 1998a Lifes third domain (Archaea): an established fact or an endangered paradigm? Electrons from these electron donors are transferred to coenzyme Q or to cytochromes. Examples of iron bacteria are Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans. Water as the source of oxidant and reductant in bacterial chemosynthesis. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. The metabolism of inorganic sulphur compounds by thiobacilli. 132 203208, Holo, H. 1989 Chloroflexus aurantiacus secretes 3-hydroxypropionate, a possible intermediate in the assimilation of carbon dioxide and acetate Arch. Click here to review the details. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. 95 844855, Smith, A. J., Hoare, D. S. 1977 Specialist phototrophs, lithotrophs, and methylotrophs: A unity among a diversity of prokaryotes? Microbiol. Altmetric. 0000037877 00000 n Using a non-oxygen acceptor allows chemolithotrophs to have greater diversity and the ability to live in a wider variety of environments, although they sacrifice energy production. Symposium of the Society for General Microbiology 27:121149. Energy conservation in chemotrophic anaerobic bacteria. 0000084636 00000 n Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Would you like email updates of new search results? [6][7][8][9] Most animals and fungi are examples of chemoheterotrophs, as are halophiles. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Introduction to the Chemolithotrophic Bacteria. CAS 42 6598, Kelly, D. P. 1989 Physiology and biochemistry of unicellular sulfur bacteria H. G. Schlegel and B. Bowien (ed.) J. Syst. Communities on biochar and MEBs were dominated by a novel Gammaproteobacterium. Lett. Environ. %%EOF ber Eisenbacterien. These bacteria are common in the runoff from coal mines. Competitive interaction with keystone taxa induced negative priming under biochar amendments. - 207.154.232.84. Appl. Lett. 49 645651, Rittenberg, S. C. 1969 The roles of exogenous organic matter in the physiology of chemolithotrophic bacteria Adv. The Calvin cycle is the most common CO2 fixation mechanism, and the reductive TCA cycle, acetyl-CoA pathway and 3-hydroxypropionate cycle are found in some chemolithotrophic prokaryotes. From: Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, 2014 Related terms: pH Bacterium Oxidation Mutation Chemolithotrophy. Some of the electron donors used by chemolithotrophs have a redox potential higher than that of NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H (Table 10.1). Biochemical reaction mechanisms in sulphur oxidation by chemosynthetic bacteria. 0000023940 00000 n If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. In: Schwartz, W., (ed. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 205:12281229. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help nov., an autotrophic archaebacterium, facultatively oxidizing or reducing sulfur Syst. Lithoautotroph. Root exudates and rhizosphere soil bacterial relationships of. @free.kindle.com emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. These nitrifying bacteria are important in the operation of the global nitrogen cycle. B., Revsbech, N. P. 1986b Growth pattern and yield of chemoautotrophic Beggiatoa sp. 1996 Autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation in Acidanus brierleyi Arch. 129 28472855, Robertson, L. A., Kuenen, J. G. 1991 The colorless sulfur bacteria A. Balows, H. G. Truper, M. Dworkin, W. Harder, and K.-H. Schleifer (ed.s) The prokaryotes, 2nd ed., Springer-Verlag New York NY 385413, Ruby, E. G., Wirsen, C. O., Jannasch, H. W. 1981 Chemolithotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from the Galapagos rift hydrothermal vents App. Autotrophicbacteria Springer-Verlag Berlin Science Tech Publishers Madison WI 397413, Thauer, R. K., Jungermann, K., Decker, K. 1977 Energy conservation in chemotrophic anaerobic bacteria Bacteriol. Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are often considered one of the most dangerous groups for the conservation of stonework (chemolithotrophic) as they produce sulfuric acid, an inorganic acid that has a strong degrading action through the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide, elemental sulfur, and thiosulfates. Enzymes of a reductive citric acid cycle in the autotrophic Desulfobacter hydrogenophilus Arch. Ph.D. Thesis. Bacteriol. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. How do chemolithoautotrophs and chemolithoheterotrophs differ? Journal of General Microbiology 107:123130. 05 September 2012. Badziong, W., Thauer, R. K. 1978. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Autotrophic bacteria Springer-Verlag Berlin and Science Tech Publishers Madison WI 1732, Zillig, W., Yeats, S., Holz, I., Bck, A., Gropp, F., Rettenberger, M., Lutz, S. 1985 Plasmid-related anaerobic autotrophy of the novel archaebacterium Sulfolobus ambivalens Nature 313 789791, Zillig, W., Yeats, S., Holz, I., Bck, A., Rettenberger, M., Gropp, F., Simon, G. 1986 Desulfurolobus ambivalens gen. nov., sp. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Biotechnol. 3 (microbial nutrition and cultivation), Halophiles (Introduction, Adaptations, Applications), microbial nutrition and nutritional requirements dr. ihsan alsaimary, Biol101 chp4-pp-fall10-101004180751-phpapp02, Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Carbohydrates in Bacteria, Abasaheb Garware College, Department of Zoology, Karve road. - 103.138.151.18. Microbiol. What are the different mechanisms of nitrogen metabolism? Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. . These organisms require both ATP and reducing power (i.e. 160 306311, Beudeker, R. F., Kerver, J. W. M., Kuenen, J. G. 1981aOccurrence, structure, and function of intracellular polyglucose in the obligate chemolithotroph Thiobacillus neapolitanus Arch. 1976. Encyclopedia of Geobiology pp 271272Cite as, Part of the Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series book series (EESS). What are the most common electron donors and acceptors for chemolithotrophs? CAS 108 305312, Bock, E., Wilderer, P. A., Freitag, A. Natl. Rev. . Thus, mixotrophy can enable these bacteria to dominate in mixed populations when both chemolithotrophic and chemoorganotrophic nutrients are present (Gottschal et al., 1979; Kelly and Kuenen, 1984). abundant at hydrothermal vents of the Guaymas Basin Appl. Lett. 47 522528, Nelson, D. C., Hagen, D. C. 1996 Organic carbon utilization by obligately and facultatively autotrophic Beggiatoa strains in homogeneous and gradient cultures Appl. trailer nov.:mixed cultures ferrous iron Microbiology (UK) 142 785790, Cypionka, H., Smock, A. M., Bottcher, M. E. 1998 A combined pathway of sulfur compound disproportionation in Desulfovibrio desulfuricans FEMS Microbiol. They are known to grow and proliferate in waters containing iron concentrations as low as 0.1mg/L. Iron has a widespread distribution globally and is considered one of the most abundant in the Earth's crust, soil, and sediments. Encyclopedia.com. 1993 Pyrobaculum aerophilum sp. Plants can use the nitrate as a nutrient source. 1977 Evaluation of continuous chemostat cultivation of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on ferrous iron or tetrathionate W. Schwartz (ed.) Google Scholar. 51 221271, Woese, C. R. 1998 The universal ancestor Proc. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 33 650651, Kawasumi, T., Igarashi, U., Kodama, T., Minoda, Y. Google Scholar. The term chemolithotrophy describes the energy metabolism of bacteria that can, in the absence of light, use the oxidation of inorganic substances as a source of energy for cell biosynthesis and maintenance (Rittenberg, 1969). The term chemolithotrophy describes the energy metabolism of bacteria that can, in the absence of light, use the oxidation of inorganic substances as a source of energy for cell biosynthesis and maintenance (Rittenberg, 1969). 150 8588, Meyer, O. Chemolithotrophs include organisms that exhibit extraordinary diversity in the range of substrates metabolized by different genera, in their modes of carbon nutrition, and in the variety of morphology and habitat. Nitrogen-fixing organisms can either exist independently or pair up with a plant host: Assimilation is a reductive process by which an inorganic form of nitrogen is reduced to organic nitrogen compounds such as amino acids and nucleotides, allowing for cellular growth and reproduction. 2019 May 10;664:11-23. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.298. But how much less than 32 molecules of ATP greatly depends upon the actual donor and acceptor being used. What is the purpose of each nitrogen compound and how does it relate to the organisms metabolism. ber Schwefelbacterien. Some of the non-sulfur purple bacteria are also able to grow in the dark on inorganic energy sources such as hydrogen gas and thiosulfate (van Niel, 1944 ). As with chemoorganotrophs, metabolism of chemolithotrophs requires ATP and NAD(P)H for carbon metabolism and biosynthetic processes. Evidence for the presence of ribulose 1,5-bisphos-phate carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase in Methylo-coccus capsulatus (Bath). In: Starr, M.P., Stolp, H., Trper, H.G., Balows, A., Schlegel, H.G. J. Syst. This produces large amounts of excess byproducts, resulting in the loss of nitrogen from the local environment to the atmosphere. The chemolithotrophic bacteria and archaea are defined by their ability to oxidize inorganic atoms or molecules as a growth-supporting reductant and energy source. USA 95 68546859, Wood, A. P., Kelly, D. P. 1983 Autotrophic and mixotrophic growth of three thermoacidophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria FEMS Microbiol. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-30742-7_15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-30742-7_15, eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. The scale bar represents 5% nucleotide substitutions. [citation needed], As Liebig's law of the minimum notes, the essential element present in the smallest amount (called limiting factor) is the one that determines the growth rate of a population. The role of microorganisms in the weathering of minerals has long been recognized ().More recent interest in the role of Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) has been driven by the recognition that Fe(II)-bearing mineral phases, such as Fe(II)-silicates and pyrite, represent a potential wealth of energy to fuel chemolithotrophic metabolisms, both terrestrially and on other rocky planetary bodies . Microbiol. 38 457478, Robertson, L. A., Kuenen, J. G. 1983 Thiosphaera pantotropha gen. nov. sp. These bacteria are distinct from the sulfur bacteria that utilize sunlight. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 23:319324. 8 197203, You can also search for this author in Rev. Kelly, D., and Wood, A. P., 2006. ." Bacteriol. That is, they derive their energy from the energy already stored in chemical compounds. Microbiol. PMC Springer-Verlag New York NY 2 in press, Khmelenina, V. N., Gayazov, R. R., Suzina, N. E., Doronina, V. A., Mshenshii, Y. N., Trotsenko, Y. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the 0000005371 00000 n Bakteriol. Pfl. We've encountered a problem, please try again. Reviews of Pure and Applied Chemistry 17:124. Chemoautotrophs can use inorganic energy sources such as hydrogen sulfide, elemental sulfur, ferrous iron, molecular hydrogen, and ammonia or organic sources to produce energy. Biosphere 25 251264, Gommers, P. J. F., Kuenen, J. G. 1988 Thiobacillus strain Q, a chemolithoheterotrophic sulphur bacterium Arch. Our results show the dominance of chemolithotrophic processes on the surface of biochar and MEB that can contribute to carbon sequestration in soil. https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/chemoautotrophic-and-chemolithotrophic-bacteria, Biological Energy Use, Cellular Processes of. A., Norris, P. R., Kelly, D. P., Le Roux, N. W. 1978. Indeed, both chemoautotrophs and chemolithotrophs are able to grow on medium that is free of carbon. 52 161168, Nelson, D. C., Jrgensen, B. Bergeys manual of systematic bacteriology, vol. J. Syst. Just like denitrification, the anammox reaction removes fixed nitrogen from a local environment, releasing it to the atmosphere. Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase from autotrophic microorganisms. Katrina Edwards. The designation autotroph means "self nourishing." 0000009714 00000 n Chemotrophs can be found in areas where electron donors are present in high concentration, for instance around hydrothermal vents. You can read the details below. 0000079153 00000 n Bacteriol. Pflanzenphysiologie, vol. Sci. The plant provides both the location to fix nitrogen, as well as additional nutrients to support the energy-taxing process of nitrogen fixation. Autotrophs are refer, History Appl. Bacteriol. Click here to review the details. [1] These molecules can be organic ( chemoorganotrophs) or inorganic ( chemolithotrophs ). Find out more about saving content to Google Drive. 0000011147 00000 n 1976 The capacity of phototrophic sulfur bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina for chemosynthesis Arch. In: Dworkin, M., Falkow, S., Rosenberg, E., Schleifer, KH., Stackebrandt, E. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Rittenberg, SC. ), Mineral formation by bacteria in natural microbial communities, Microbes as geologic agents: their role in mineral formation, Micro-organisms and Earth Systems: Advances in Geomicrobiology, In search of a thermodynamic description of biomass yields for the chemotrophic growth of microorganisms, No soup for starters? <<2BA946479B978D4B846C4D95FC028DE9>]/Prev 510177/XRefStm 2347>> To save content items to your account, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Jones, C. A. Env. 0000014309 00000 n 2, part I 960, Schmidt, I., Bock, E. 1997 Anaerobic ammonia oxidation with nitrogen dioxide by Nitrosomonas eutropha Arch. A non-nitrogen compound would serve as the electron acceptor. PubMedGoogle Scholar, Department of Bacteriology, University of California, 95616, Davis, California, USA, Lehrstuhl fr Mikrobiologie, Universitt Bayreuth, 8580, Bayreuth, Federal Republic of Germany, Institut fr Mikrobiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitt, 5300, Bonn 1, Federal Republic of Germany, Bacteriology Division, Centers for Disease Control, 30333, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, Institut fr Mikrobiologie, Universitt Gttingen, 3400, Gttingen, Federal Republic of Germany, Kelly, D.P. Baas Becking, L. G. M., Parks, G. S. 1927. 0000002347 00000 n ), Comparative biochemistry, vol. 7 85106, CAS By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. Schlegel, H. G. 1975. University, Rohtak. 1. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. Chemoautotrophic bacteria and chemolithotrophic bacteria obtain their energy from the oxidation of inorganic (non-carbon) compounds. USA 31 153157, Huber, R., Wilharm, T., Huber, D., Trincone, A., Burggraf, S., Konig, H., Rachel, R., Rockinger, I., Fricke, H., Stetter, K. O. Appl. Winogradsky, S. 1887. A., Norris, P. R., Kelly, D. P., Le Roux, N. W. 1978 Characteristics of a moderately thermophilic and acidophilic iron-oxidizing Thiobacillus Europ. 8600 Rockville Pike 59 29182926, Wachtershauser, G. 1988 Before enzymes and templates: theory of surface metabolism Microbiol. Some of the electrons are used to generate a proton motive force reducing O2 while the remaining electrons reduce NAD(P)+ to NAD(P)H through a reverse of the electron transport chain. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie. Unable to display preview. 0000006550 00000 n 2. 12. Anammox or anaerobic ammonia oxidation is performed by marine bacteria, relatively recently discovered, that utilize nitrogen compounds as both electron acceptor and electron donor as a way for the cell to generate energy. 20 107112, Wood, A. P., Kelly, D. P., Norris, P. R. 1987 Autotrophic growth of four Sulfolobus strains on tetrathionate and the effect of organic nutrients Arch. Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. eCollection 2022. 169 460463, Stanley, S. H., Dalton, H. 1982 Role of ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in Methylococcus capsulatus J. Gen. Microbiol. (eds. These bacteria are most commonly encountered as the rusty coloured and slimy layer that builds up on the inside of toilet tanks. Broda, E. 1977b. Chemoautotrophic bacteria live in a symbiotic relationship with these worms which have no digestive tract, making organic molecules for the worms from hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and oxygen. (eds. To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org : microelectrode survey of marine and freshwater strains Appl. Iron is a trace element in marine environments. 48 105109, Friedrich, C., Mitrenga, G. 1981 Oxidation of thiosulfate by Paracoccusdenitrificans and other hydrogen bacteria FEMS Microbiol. Ammonia-oxidising Crenarchaeota: important players in the nitrogen cycle? Bacteriol. 324329. 171 219229, Kelly, D. P., Wood, A. P. 2000 The genus Thiobacillus Beijerinck N. R. Krieg, J. T. Staley, and D. J. Brenner (ed.s) Bergeys manual of systematic bacteriology, 2nd ed. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). ?C~9}*l,82,bbfYvAjLM.P01;!3h3$oal|`fL%o3&00|``~)QAFF/$b`4 "Chemoautotrophic and Chemolithotrophic Bacteria 174 269278, Lewis, A. J., Miller, D. J. D. 1977 Stannous and cuprous iron oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans Can. Chemolithotrophs use a variety of inorganic compounds as electron donors, with the most common substances being hydrogen gas, sulfur compounds (such as sulfide and sulfur), nitrogen compounds (such as ammonium and nitrite), and ferrous iron. [Their life processes are played out in a very simple fashion; all their life activities are driven by a purely inorganic chemical process.]. . 2, part I. London: John Wiley & Sons. 0000009251 00000 n 1976. Microbiol. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9212-1_53, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, Reference Module Physical and Materials Science, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Leng L, Xu X, Wei L, Fan L, Huang H, Li J, Lu Q, Li J, Zhou W. Sci Total Environ. 43 703708, Smith, A. J., Hoare, D. S. 1968 Acetate assimilation by Nitrobacteragilis in relation to its obligateautotrophy. J. Bacteriol. Download preview PDF. These bacteria (220 species of 60 genera) can use a large variety of compounds as electron donors and to mediate electron flow . Published online by Cambridge University Press: The presence of chemolithotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in the sulfide-containing hydrothermal water supports the hypothesis that chemosynthesis provides a substantial primary food source for the rich populations of invertebrates found in the immediate vicinity of the vents. You can read the details below. J. Syst. 1986a Microoxic-anoxic niche of Beggiatoa spp. 1967. strain A2), pp. Thauer, R. K., Jungermann, K., Decker, K. 1977. 18 517526, Thauer, R. K. 1989 Energy metabolism of sulfate-reducing bacteria H. G. Schlegel and B. Bowien (ed.) Denitrification refers to the reduction of NO3- to gaseous nitrogen compounds, such as N2. Autotrophic bacteria Springer-Verlag, Berlin and Science Tech Publishers Madison WI 115, Brock, T. D., Gustafson, J. New York: Academic Press. Iron is the most common limiting element in phytoplankton communities and has a key role in structuring and determining their abundance. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. Microbiol. Acad. That is, they derive their energy from the energy already stored in chemical compounds. Lett. Microbial growth on C1-compounds American Society for Microbiology Washington D. C. Kelly, D. P. 1985 Crossroads for archaebacteria Nature 313 734, Kelly, D. P. 1987 Sulphur bacteria first again Nature 326 830831, Kelly, D. P. 1988 Oxidation of sulphur compounds Soc. Inorganic nitrogen metabolism in bacteria, Structure and function of a nitrifying biofilm as determined by in situ hybridization and the use of microelectrodes, Electron transfer during the oxidation of ammonia by the chemolithotrophic bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Bioenergetics, Microbial nitrogen cycles: physiology, genomics and applications, Characterization of an operon encoding two c-type cytochromes, an aa3-type cytochrome oxidase, and rusticyanin in Thiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 33020, Anaerobic sulfide-oxidation in marine colorless sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Identification of two outer membrane proteins involved in the oxidation of sulphur compounds in Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Physiology and genetics of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Isolation and characterization of strains CVO and FWKOB, two novel nitrate-reducing, sulfide-oxidizing bacteria isolated from oil field brine, Phylogenetic relationships of filamentous sulfur bacteria (Thiothrix spp. PubMed nov., a thermoacidophilic, aerobic, hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium requiring elemental sulfur for growth Int. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Yield coefficients of Thiobacillus neapolitanus in continuous culture. Front Microbiol. An example of a colorless sulfur bacteria is the genus Thiothrix. A chemotroph is an organism that obtains energy by the oxidation of electron donors in their environments. Microbiol. Gen. Microbiol. Plants, animals, and other organisms rely on bacteria and archaea to provide nitrogen in a fixed form, since no eukaryote is known that can fix nitrogen. McFadden, B. 153 105110, Brierley, J. CrossRef nov. with emendation of the genus Microbiology (UK) 141 14691477, Katayama-Fujimura, Y., Kuraishi, H. 1983 Emendation of Thiobacillus perometabolis London and Rittenberg, 1967 Int. Characteristics of a moderately thermophilic and acidophilic iron-oxidizing Thiobacillus. 166 368371, Jannasch, H. W., Wirsen, C. O. 0000007226 00000 n PubMedGoogle Scholar, Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Box 196, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0312, USA, Martin Dworkin Professor Dr. (Editor-in-Chief) (Editor-in-Chief), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University Medical School, 299 Campus Drive, Fairchild, D039, Stanford, CA, 94305-5124, USA, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, 69978, Israel, Department of Microbiology, Technical University Munich, 80290, Munich, Germany, DSMZ- German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Mascheroder Weg 1b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany, Kelly, D.P., Wood, A.P. Wang N, Chang ZZ, Xue XM, Yu JG, Shi XX, Ma LQ, Li HB. Accessibility Suzuki, I. Microbiol. Autotrophy: Concepts of lithotrophic bacteria and their organic metabolism. World of Microbiology and Immunology. The term Chemolithotrophy refers to the gain of energy for cell biosynthesis and maintenance from the oxidation of inorganic compounds (= electron donors), in the absence of light (Kelly and Wood, 2006). 0000021093 00000 n 1988 Growth of Nitrobacter in the absence of dissolved oxygen Water Res. It is particularly important in the high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll regions, where the presence of micronutrients is mandatory for the total primary production.[11]. Microbiol. 136 262269, Nelson, D. C., Revsbech, N. P., Jrgensen;, B. A., Denend, A. R. 1972. You can also search for this author in 15 3951, Brock, T. D., Schlegel, H. 1989 Introduction H. G. Schlegel and B. Bowien (ed.)
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